PU ndi chidule cha English poly urethane, mankhwala Chinese dzina "polyurethane". PU chikopa ndi khungu la polyurethane zigawo zikuluzikulu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ponyamula katundu, zovala, nsapato, magalimoto ndi zokongoletsera mipando.
Chikopa cha Pu ndi mtundu wa chikopa chopangidwa, kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi izi:
1. Gawo laling'ono: Nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito nsalu za ulusi, filimu ya CHIKWANGWANI ndi zinthu zina monga zida zoyambira kuti chikopa cha Pu chikhale cholimba komanso cholimba.
2. Emulsion: Kusankhidwa kwa emulsion yopangidwa ndi utomoni kapena emulsion yachilengedwe monga ❖ kuyanika kumatha kusintha mawonekedwe ndi kufewa kwa chikopa cha Pu.
3. Zowonjezera: kuphatikizapo plasticizers, zosakaniza, zosungunulira, zotsekemera za ultraviolet, ndi zina zotero, zowonjezerazi zimatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu, kukhazikika, kukana madzi, kukana kuipitsidwa ndi UV kukana kwa Pu chikopa.
4. Media Astringent: Astringent media nthawi zambiri ndi acidifier, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera pH ya Pu chikopa, kuti athandizire kuphatikiza kwa zokutira ndi gawo lapansi, kuti chikopa cha Pu chikhale chowoneka bwino komanso moyo.
Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizo zikuluzikulu za chikopa cha Pu, poyerekeza ndi chikopa chachilengedwe, chikopa cha Pu chimatha kukhala chopepuka, chosalowerera madzi komanso chotsika mtengo, koma mawonekedwe ake, permeability ndi zina ndizotsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi zikopa zachilengedwe.
Ku China, anthu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito PU resin monga zipangizo zopangira zikopa zopangira zotchedwa PU artificial leather (otchedwa PU chikopa); Chikopa chopanga chopangidwa ndi PU resin ndi nsalu yosalukidwa ngati zopangira zimatchedwa PU synthetic leather (yotchedwa chikopa chopangidwa). Ndi mwambo kunena kuti mitundu itatu yazikopayi ndi yachikopa yopangira. Mumatchula bwanji? Iyenera kukhala yogwirizana ndi yovomerezeka kuti ikhale ndi dzina loyenera.
Chikopa chopanga ndi zikopa zopangira ndizofunikira kwambiri pamakampani apulasitiki ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana azachuma chadziko. Chikopa chopanga, kupanga zikopa zopanga padziko lapansi zakhala zaka zopitilira 60 za mbiri yakale, China idayamba kupanga ndikupanga zikopa zopanga kuyambira 1958, ndiye chitukuko choyambirira kwambiri pamakampani aku China apulasitiki. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chitukuko cha China chikopa ndi kupanga makampani zikopa si kukula kwa mizere kupanga zida mabizinesi kupanga, mankhwala linanena bungwe kukula chaka ndi chaka, mitundu ndi mitundu kuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka, komanso chitukuko cha makampani ali bungwe lake lamakampani, pali mgwirizano wambiri, womwe ukhoza kuyika mabizinesi achikopa achi China komanso mabizinesi opangira zikopa, kuphatikiza mafakitale ofananira omwe adapangidwa pamodzi. Adapangidwa kukhala bizinesi yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.
Kutsatira chikopa chopanga cha PVC, chikopa chopangidwa ndi PU patatha zaka zopitilira 30 za kafukufuku wodzipereka ndi chitukuko cha akatswiri asayansi ndiukadaulo, monga choloweza m'malo mwachikopa chachilengedwe, chakwaniritsa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo.
PU yomwe idakutidwa pamwamba pansaluyo idawonekera koyamba pamsika m'zaka za m'ma 1950, ndipo mu 1964, kampani yaku United States ya DuPont idapanga chikopa chapamwamba cha PU. Kampani yaku Japan itatha kukhazikitsa mizere yopangira ndi zotulutsa pachaka za 600,000 masikweya mita, patatha zaka zopitilira 20 za kafukufuku wopitilira ndi chitukuko, zikopa zopanga za PU zakhala zikukula mwachangu mumtundu wazinthu, zosiyanasiyana, kapena zotulutsa. Kuchita kwake kukuyandikira pafupi ndi chikopa chachilengedwe, ndipo zinthu zina zimaposa zikopa zachilengedwe, kufika pamlingo wowona ndi zabodza ndi zikopa zachilengedwe, zomwe zimakhala ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Masiku ano, Japan ndiye amene amapanga zikopa zazikulu kwambiri, ndipo zopangidwa ndi makampani angapo monga Coroli, Teijin, Toray, ndi Bell Textile kwenikweni zimayimira kukula kwapadziko lonse m'ma 1990. Kupanga kwake nsalu zokhala ndi ulusi komanso zosalukidwa zikupita patsogolo kwambiri, zolimba kwambiri komanso zosalukidwa kwambiri. Kupanga kwake kwa PU kulowera komwe kufalikira kwa PU, emulsion yamadzi a PU, malo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala akupitilira kukula, kuyambira pachiyambi cha nsapato, zikwama mpaka zovala, mpira, zokongoletsera ndi magawo ena apadera ogwiritsira ntchito, m'mbali zonse za moyo wa People's Daily.
Chikopa chopanga
Chikopa chochita kupanga ndiye chida choyambirira kwambiri chosinthira nsalu, chimapangidwa ndi PVC kuphatikiza pulasitiki ndi zina zowonjezera zomwe zidakulungidwa pansaluyo, ubwino wake ndi wotsika mtengo, mtundu wolemera, mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuipa kwake ndikosavuta kuumitsa, kuphulika. PU kupanga chikopa ntchito m'malo PVC chikopa yokumba, mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba kuposa PVC chikopa yokumba. Kuchokera pamapangidwe amankhwala, ali pafupi ndi nsalu yachikopa, sagwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki kuti akwaniritse zofewa, kotero sizidzakhala zovuta, zowonongeka, ndipo zimakhala ndi ubwino wa mtundu wolemera, mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo mtengo ndi zotsika mtengo kuposa nsalu zachikopa, kotero zimalandiridwa ndi ogula.
Palinso mtundu wina wa chikopa cha PU, nthawi zambiri mbali inayi ndi chikopa chachiwiri, chokutidwa ndi PU utomoni pamwamba, motero amatchedwanso chikopa cha filimu. Mtengo wake ndi wotsika mtengo komanso mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito ndi wapamwamba. Ndi kusintha kwa ndondomeko amapangidwanso mu magulu osiyanasiyana a mitundu, monga kunja zigawo ziwiri za chikopa, chifukwa cha njira yapadera, khalidwe khola, buku mitundu ndi makhalidwe ena, kwa mkulu-kalasi zikopa, mtengo ndi kalasi palibe zosachepera gawo loyamba la chikopa. Zikopa za PU ndi zikopa zenizeni zimakhala ndi makhalidwe awoawo, matumba achikopa a PU amawoneka okongola, osavuta kusamalira, otsika mtengo, koma osavala, osavuta kusweka; Chikopa chenicheni ndi chokwera mtengo komanso chovuta kuchisamalira, koma cholimba.
Nsalu zachikopa ndi PVC chikopa chochita kupanga, pu synthetic chikopa ndi njira ziwiri zosiyanitsa: choyamba, mlingo wa kufewa kwa khungu, chikopa ndi chofewa kwambiri, pu ndi cholimba, choncho ambiri a pu amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nsapato za chikopa; Yachiwiri ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyaka ndi kusungunuka kuti isiyanitse, njirayo ndikutenga kansalu kakang'ono pamoto, nsalu yachikopa sichidzasungunuka, ndipo PVC chikopa chochita kupanga, PU synthetic chikopa chidzasungunuka.
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa PVC chikopa chochita kupanga ndi PU kupanga chikopa akhoza kusiyanitsidwa ndi njira zilowerere mu petulo, njira ndi ntchito kachidutswa kakang'ono ka nsalu, kuika mu mafuta kwa theka la ola, ndiyeno kuchotsa izo, ngati izo. Chikopa chopanga cha PVC, chidzakhala cholimba komanso chophwanyika, ngati ndi chikopa cha PU, sichikhala cholimba komanso chophwanyika.
Chikopa chachilengedwe chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake abwino kwambiri achilengedwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zofunikira zatsiku ndi tsiku ndi zinthu zamakampani, koma ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu padziko lapansi, kufunikira kwachikopa kwa anthu kuwirikiza kawiri, chiwerengero chochepa cha zikopa zachilengedwe chakhala chikulephera kukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu. . Pofuna kuthetsa kutsutsana kumeneku, asayansi anayamba kufufuza ndi kupanga zikopa zopangira ndi kupanga zaka makumi angapo zapitazo kuti athetse kusowa kwa zikopa zachilengedwe. Mbiri yakale ya zaka zoposa 50 za kafukufuku ndi ndondomeko ya chikopa chochita kupanga ndi chikopa chopangidwa chotsutsa chikopa chachilengedwe.
Asayansi anayamba ndi kuphunzira ndi kusanthula mankhwala zikuchokera ndi dongosolo la zikopa zachilengedwe, kuyambira nitrocellulose linoleum, ndi kulowa PVC chikopa yokumba, umene ndi m'badwo woyamba wa chikopa yokumba. Pazifukwa izi, asayansi asintha zambiri ndikufufuza, choyamba, kukonza gawo lapansi, kenako kusinthidwa ndikusintha kwa utomoni wopaka. Pofika m'ma 1970, nsalu zopanda nsalu za ulusi wopangira zidawoneka ngati zikufunika mu mauna, zomangira mauna ndi njira zina, kotero kuti mazikowo ali ndi gawo lofanana ndi lotus, ulusi wopanda pake, kuti akwaniritse mawonekedwe a porous, ndikukumana ndi zofunikira zamaukonde. zikopa zachilengedwe; Pa nthawi imeneyo, pamwamba wosanjikiza chikopa kupanga watha kukwaniritsa yaying'ono porous polyurethane wosanjikiza, amene ali ofanana ndi njere pamwamba chikopa chachilengedwe, kotero kuti maonekedwe ndi kapangidwe mkati mwa PU kupanga chikopa pang'onopang'ono pafupi ndi chilengedwe. zikopa, zinthu zina zakuthupi zili pafupi ndi ndondomeko ya chikopa chachilengedwe, ndipo mtunduwo ndi wowala kwambiri kuposa chikopa chachilengedwe; Kukaniza kopindika kutentha kumafika nthawi zopitilira 1 miliyoni, ndipo kukana kopindika pakutentha kotsika kumathanso kufika pamlingo wachikopa chachilengedwe.
Kutuluka kwa chikopa cha microfiber PU ndi m'badwo wachitatu wa zikopa zopangira. Nsalu yopanda nsalu ya maukonde ake amitundu itatu imapangitsa kuti zikopa zopangira zigwirizane ndi zikopa zachilengedwe malinga ndi gawo lapansi. Chogulitsachi, chophatikizidwa ndi PU slurry impregnation yomwe yangopangidwa kumene yokhala ndi ma cell otseguka komanso ukadaulo wowongolera wamagulu ophatikizika, imakhala ndi malo akulu kwambiri komanso kuyamwa kwamadzi kwamphamvu kwa microfiber, kupangitsa kuti chikopa chapamwamba kwambiri cha PU chikhale ndi mayamwidwe achilengedwe. Makhalidwe a chikopa chachilengedwe cha mtolo wa ultra-fine collagen fiber, kotero kuti ziribe kanthu kuchokera mkati mwa microstructure, Kapena maonekedwe a maonekedwe ndi maonekedwe a thupi ndi kuvala kwa anthu chitonthozo, akhoza kufanana ndi chikopa chachilengedwe chapamwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, chikopa chopangidwa ndi microfiber chimaposa chikopa chachilengedwe pakukana kwamankhwala, kufanana kwamtundu, kupanga kwakukulu komanso kusinthika kosinthika, kusalowa madzi, anti-mildew ndi zina.
Zochita zatsimikizira kuti zinthu zabwino kwambiri za zikopa zopangira sizingasinthidwe ndi zikopa zachilengedwe, kuchokera pakuwunika kwa msika wapakhomo ndi wakunja, zikopa zopangira zidalowanso m'malo ambiri achikopa achilengedwe osakwanira. Kugwiritsa ntchito zikopa zopanga ndi zikopa zopangira kupanga matumba, zovala, nsapato, magalimoto ndi zokongoletsera za mipando, zakhala zikudziwika kwambiri ndi msika, ntchito zake zambiri, kuchuluka kwamitundu yayikulu, mitundu yambiri, ndi zikopa zachikhalidwe zachilengedwe sizingathe. kukumana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-29-2024