Mutu 1: Tanthauzo ndi Malingaliro Apakati a PU Chikopa
Chikopa cha PU, chachifupi chachikopa chopangidwa ndi polyurethane, ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi anthu chopangidwa ndi utomoni wa polyurethane monga zokutira zake zoyambirira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana (nthawi zambiri nsalu) kutengera mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a chikopa chanyama.
Zosakaniza Zofunika:
Polyurethane (PU): Iyi ndi polima yolemera kwambiri ya mamolekyu yokhala ndi kukana bwino kwa ma abrasion, kukana kusinthasintha, kusinthasintha, komanso pulasitiki. Mu chikopa cha PU, chimagwira ntchito ngati zokutira pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikopacho chiwoneke, mtundu wake, gloss, komanso kumva kwake kowoneka bwino. Utoto wa PU wapamwamba kwambiri ukhoza kupanga zotsatira zenizeni zenizeni.
Zida Zothandizira: Awa ndiye maziko omwe zokutira za PU zimayikidwa, nthawi zambiri zimakhala nsalu. Zida zothandizira kwambiri ndizo:
Nsalu zoluka: Kusinthasintha ndi kufewa ndizofala muzovala ndi nsapato zapamwamba.
Nsalu zosalukidwa: Zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta kupanga, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zotsika kapena zopakira.
Nsalu zolukidwa (monga poliyesitala ndi thonje): Kulimba kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kwamkati, komwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula katundu ndi mipando. Gawo laling'ono la Microfiber: Gawo lapamwambali limapangidwa ndi ulusi wabwino kwambiri, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana kwambiri ndi netiweki ya collagen yachikopa chenicheni. Izi zimapanga chikopa cha microfiber PU, mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri yachikopa cha PU.
Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito: Chikopa cha PU chimapangidwa ndi zokutira kapena kuthirira madzi a polyurethane slurry pansalu yoyambira. Izi zikatero zimatenthedwa ndi kutentha, zokongoletsedwa, ndi njira zina zopangira zinthu zophatikizika zokhala ngati chikopa komanso katundu.
Mutu 2: PU Leather Manufacturing Process
Kupanga zikopa za PU ndizovuta, zomwe zimagawidwa m'magawo awa:
Chithandizo cha Base Fabric: Choyamba, nsalu yosankhidwayo imayikidwa patsogolo, kuphatikizapo kuyeretsa, kusita, ndi kulowetsedwa, kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zikhale zosalala ndikuthandizira kugwirizana ndi PU zokutira.
Kukonzekera kwa Polyurethane Slurry: Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta polyurethane timasungunuka mu zosungunulira monga DMF (dimethylformamide), ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana (monga ma colorants, anti-wear agents, plasticizers, ndi coagulants) amawonjezeredwa kuti apange slurry yunifolomu.
Kupaka: PU slurry yokonzekera imayikidwa mofanana pansalu yoyambira pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo monga scraper kapena roller. Makulidwe ndi kufanana kwa zokutira kumatsimikizira mwachindunji ubwino wa mankhwala omaliza. Coagulation ndi Kupanga Mafilimu: Zinthu zokutidwa zimalowa mu bafa yolumikizana (nthawi zambiri posamba madzi). Madzi amatha kusuntha ndi DMF mu slurry, kuchititsa kuti utomoni wa PU uyambe kuyenda pang'onopang'ono ndikukhazikika, ndikupanga filimu yopyapyala yokhala ndi microporous. Kapangidwe kakang'ono kameneka kamapereka mwayi wopumira ku chikopa cha PU.
Kutsuka ndi Kuyanika: Zinthuzo zimatsuka madzi ambiri kuti zichotseretu zotsalira za DMF zotsalira, kenako kuyanika.
Kuchiza Pamwamba (Kumaliza): Iyi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri popereka chikopa "moyo" wake.
Embossing: Zodzigudubuza zachitsulo zosindikizidwa ndi njere zachikopa (monga lychee, kugwa, kapena nappa) zimakanikizidwa pamwamba pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kukakamizidwa kuti apange mawonekedwe omwe akufuna.
Kusindikiza: Zithunzi zovuta kwambiri komanso zofananira ndi zikopa zanyama zachilendo zitha kusindikizidwa.
Kutsiliza: Filimu yoteteza imayikidwa pamwamba, monga wosanjikiza wosavala, wosanjikiza wa matte, kapena wothandizira kumva (monga phula, waxy, kapena silicone-ngati mapeto) kuti awonjezere maonekedwe ndi kulimba.
Kupiringa ndi Kuyang'ana: Pomaliza, chinthu chomalizidwacho chimakulungidwa mumpukutu ndipo, mutayang'ana bwino, chimatumizidwa.
Mutu 3: Makhalidwe, Ubwino, ndi Kuipa kwa PU Chikopa
Ubwino:
Mtengo Wotsika: Uwu ndiye mwayi wofunikira kwambiri wachikopa cha PU. Ndalama zake zopangira ndi zopangira ndizotsika kwambiri kuposa zachikopa cha nyama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chinthu chomaliza chikhale chotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Maonekedwe Ofanana ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwakukulu: Chikopa cha PU ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi mafakitale, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chikhale chofanana bwino, mawonekedwe, ndi makulidwe pa mpukutu uliwonse. Zilibe zilema zachilengedwe zopezeka pachikopa cha nyama, monga zipsera, kulumidwa ndi njenjete, ndi makwinya, ndipo palibe zinyalala zomwe zimapangidwa podula.
Easy Care: Imapereka madzi abwino kwambiri komanso kukana madontho, kulola kuti madontho wamba achotsedwe ndi nsalu yonyowa, ndikuchotsa kufunikira kwamafuta apadera okonza.
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ndi Ufulu Wopanga: Njira zokometsera ndi kusindikiza zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsanzira njere ya chikopa cha nyama iliyonse (monga ng'ona kapena nthiwatiwa), ngakhale kupanga mitundu ndi mapangidwe osapezeka m'chilengedwe, kupereka okonza ufulu wopanda malire wa kulenga.
Opepuka: Nthawi zambiri imakhala yopepuka kuposa chikopa cha nyama chamtunda womwewo.
Kugwirizana Kwapamwamba: Kupanga kwakukulu kumatsimikizira kuti zinthu sizingasinthe, ndikuchotsa kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu kwakumverera ndi magwiridwe antchito mkati mwa batch imodzi.
Imakonda Kusamalira Zachilengedwe komanso Kusamalira Zinyama: Sichigwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji ubweya wa nyama, womwe umagwirizana ndi mfundo za anthu okonda zamasamba ndi mabungwe oteteza nyama. Ukadaulo wamakono umakondanso kugwiritsa ntchito utomoni wamadzi wa PU wochezeka kwambiri kuti uchepetse kuipitsidwa kwa zosungunulira.
Mutu 4: PU Chikopa vs. Zida Zina
1. PU Chikopa vs. PVC Chikopa
Chikopa cha PVC (chomwe chimadziwika kuti "Xipi"): Chokutidwa ndi polyvinyl chloride. Ndi mbadwo wakale wa zikopa zopangira.
Kuyerekeza: Chikopa cha PVC nthawi zambiri chimakhala cholimba, chosasinthika, chimakhala ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri (pafupifupi ma micropores), chimamveka ngati pulasitiki, ndipo chimakonda kusweka pang'onopang'ono kutentha. Kupanga PVC nakonso kumakhala kosakonda zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, chikopa cha PU chimachita bwino kuposa chikopa cha PVC pafupifupi pamachitidwe onse ndipo ndiye chisankho chachikulu chachikopa chochita kupanga.
2. PU Chikopa vs. Microfiber Chikopa
Chikopa cha Microfiber: Chopangidwa kuchokera kunsalu ya microfiber yosalukidwa yokhala ndi polyurethane. Pakali pano ndi chikopa chochita kupanga chapamwamba kwambiri.
Kuyerekeza: Mapangidwe a chikopa cha Microfiber amafanana kwambiri ndi chikopa chenicheni, zomwe zimapangitsa mphamvu, kulimba, kupuma, komanso kudzimva kukhala wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa chikopa wamba cha PU, pafupi kwambiri ndi chikopa chenicheni chapamwamba, ndipo ngakhale kuchiposa muzinthu zina zakuthupi (kuchuluka kwa kuvala ndi misozi). Zachidziwikire, mtengo wake ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa wachikopa wamba wa PU. Mutha kuziganizira ngati "kukweza kwapamwamba kwa chikopa cha PU."
Mutu 5: Mitundu Yonse ya PU Leather Applications
Chifukwa chakuchita bwino komanso mtengo wake, chikopa cha PU chimakhala ndi ntchito zambiri.
Zovala Zovala: Ma jekete, mathalauza, masiketi, malamba, ndi zina zambiri. Ndizinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi zikopa zamitundu yachangu.
Nsapato ndi Zikwama: Ziwalo zokometsera za sneakers, nsapato wamba, ndi nsapato; zikwama zambiri, zikwama, ndi zikwama za sukulu.
Mipando Yopangira Mipando: Sofa, mipando yodyera, zophimba pambali pa bedi, mipando ya galimoto, zophimba chiwongolero, mapanelo amkati, ndi zina zotero.
Zamagetsi: Milandu yama foni, ma tabuleti, ma headphone, ma laputopu, ndi zina.
Zina: Zophimba zolembera, mabokosi a zodzikongoletsera, magolovesi, ma CD osiyanasiyana, ndi zinthu zokongoletsera.
Mutu 6: Momwe Mungasankhire ndi Kusamalira Zogulitsa Zachikopa za PU
Malangizo Ogulira:
Yang'anani: Onani ngati njereyo ndi yofanana komanso yabwino. Chikopa chenicheni chimakhala ndi zolakwika zachilengedwe. Gawo lalikulu la chikopa cha PU liwulula nsalu yosiyana. Kukhudza: Imva kapangidwe kake. Chikopa chabwino cha PU chikuyenera kukhala chofewa komanso chofewa, pomwe chosawoneka bwino chimatha kukhala cholimba komanso chapulasitiki. Komanso, kumva kutentha. Chikopa chenicheni chimapangitsa kutentha mwachangu ndipo chimamveka choziziritsa kuchikhudza, pomwe chikopa cha PU chimamva kuyandikira kutentha kwachipinda.
Fungo: Chikopa chenicheni chimakhala ndi fungo lodziwika bwino lachikopa, pomwe chikopa cha PU nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi pulasitiki yofooka kapena fungo lamankhwala.
Press Press: Kukanikiza pamwamba ndi zala zanu kumapangitsa kuti makwinya achilengedwe apangidwe, omwe amachira pang'onopang'ono. Komano, chikopa cha PU chimakhala ndi makwinya olimba kapena osawoneka bwino omwe amachira msanga.
Chisamaliro:
Kuyeretsa: Nthawi zonse pukuta pamwamba ndi nsalu yofewa, yonyowa kuchotsa fumbi ndi madontho. Kwa madontho amakani, gwiritsani ntchito chotsukira chikopa chochita kupanga; pewani zosungunulira zaukali.
Pewani: Pewani kutenthedwa kwa nthawi yayitali ndi dzuwa kapena kutentha kuti musamakalamba ndi kusweka. Pewani kukhudzana ndi zinthu zakuthwa.
Kusungirako: Sungani pamalo ozizira, ouma, makamaka atakulungidwa m’thumba lafumbi. Pewani kupanikizika kwambiri.
Kukonza: Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zokutira pamwamba kumakhala kovuta kukonzanso ndipo nthawi zambiri kumafuna zigamba kapena kukonza akatswiri.
Mutu 7: Zochitika Zachitukuko Zamtsogolo
Kusamalira chilengedwe: Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma resin a PU opangidwa ndi madzi (opanda zosungunulira), PU yochokera ku bio (yochokera ku mbewu), ndi zida zobwezerezedwanso za PU ndi mbali zofunika kuziganizira.
Kuchita Kwapamwamba: Kupyolera mukupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, magwiridwe antchito a chikopa cha PU, monga kupuma, kukana kwa hydrolysis, kukana madontho, ndi kuchedwa kwamoto, zidzakulitsidwa, kukulitsa ntchito zake m'magawo apadera monga ntchito zakunja ndi zamankhwala.
Bionic Intelligence: Kupanga zida zachikopa za biomimetic zokhala ndi zinthu zanzeru monga "adaptive" kutentha komanso kusintha kwamitundu.
Mapeto Apamwamba: Ukadaulo wachikopa wa Microfiber PU upitilira kukula, ndikulowa pang'onopang'ono pamsika wapamwamba kwambiri wachikopa chenicheni ndikupereka chidziwitso chenicheni.
Mapeto
Monga luso lodabwitsa, chikopa cha PU chatenga gawo lalikulu pakupanga demokalase, kukwaniritsa zofuna za ogula ambiri, komanso kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha nyama. Ngakhale kuti sichangwiro, mtengo wake, kapangidwe kake, ndi magwiridwe antchito ake zapangitsa kuti ikhale yosagwedezeka m'dziko lamakono. Kumvetsetsa zinthu zake kungatithandize kupanga zosankha mwanzeru za ogula: tikamafunafuna zapadera, zolimba, komanso zamtengo wapatali, chikopa chenicheni chingakhale yankho; ndipo tikafuna mafashoni, kusavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso kukwanitsa, chikopa cha PU mosakayikira ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, tsogolo lachikopa la PU liyenera kukhala lokonda zachilengedwe komanso lopambana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-11-2025
