Zikafika pazinthu zapamwamba, silicone mosakayikira ndi nkhani yotentha kwambiri. Silicone ndi mtundu wa zinthu za polima zomwe zimakhala ndi silicon, carbon, hydrogen ndi oxygen. Ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zida za silicon ndipo zimawoneka bwino kwambiri m'magawo ambiri. Tiyeni tiwone mozama mawonekedwe, njira zodziwira komanso njira yogwiritsira ntchito silikoni.
Kusiyana pakati pa silikoni ndi silicon inorganic:
Choyamba, pali kusiyana koonekeratu pamapangidwe amankhwala pakati pa silikoni ndi silicon inorganic. Silicone ndi zinthu za polima zopangidwa ndi silicon ndi kaboni, haidrojeni, okosijeni ndi zinthu zina, pomwe silicon yachilengedwe imatanthawuza kwambiri zinthu zopangidwa ndi silicon ndi okosijeni, monga silicon dioxide (SiO2). Kapangidwe ka kaboni ka silicone kamapangitsa kuti ikhale yosalala komanso pulasitiki, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosinthasintha pogwiritsira ntchito. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a mamolekyulu a silikoni, ndiko kuti, mphamvu yomangira ya Si-O bond (444J/mol) ndi yayikulu kuposa ya CC bond (339J/mol), zida za silikoni zili ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri kuposa ma organic polymer compounds.
Kupezeka kwa silicone:
Kupezeka kwa silikoni kungayambike kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20. M'masiku oyambirira, asayansi adapanga bwino silikoni poyambitsa magulu a organic kukhala ma silicon. Kupezeka kumeneku kunatsegula nyengo yatsopano ya zida za silikoni ndikuyika maziko ogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri m'makampani ndi sayansi. Kaphatikizidwe ndi kukonza kwa silikoni kwapita patsogolo kwambiri m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kulimbikitsa ukadaulo ndi chitukuko cha zinthuzi.
Ma silicones wamba:
Ma silicones ndi gulu lazinthu zopangira polima zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri m'chilengedwe komanso kaphatikizidwe kopanga, kuphatikiza mitundu ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana. Izi ndi zina mwa zitsanzo za silicone wamba:
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS): PDMS ndi silikoni elastomer, yomwe imapezeka mu rabara ya silikoni. Ili ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwambiri, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonzekera zinthu za rabara, zida zamankhwala, mafuta odzola, etc.
Mafuta a Silicone: Mafuta a Silicone ndi gulu la silikoni lokhala ndi mikangano yotsika komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta, zinthu zosamalira khungu, zida zamankhwala ndi zina.
Utomoni wa Silicone: Utomoni wa Silicone ndi zinthu za polima zopangidwa ndi magulu a silicic acid okhala ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zokutira, zomatira, ma CD amagetsi, etc.
Mpira wa Silicone: Mpira wa silikoni ndi mphira wofanana ndi mphira wokhala ndi kutentha kwambiri, kukana nyengo, kutsekereza magetsi ndi zinthu zina. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posindikiza mphete, manja oteteza chingwe ndi minda ina.
Zitsanzo izi zikuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana kwa ma silicones. Amagwira ntchito yofunikira m'magawo osiyanasiyana ndipo amakhala ndi ntchito zambiri kuchokera kumakampani kupita ku moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Izi zikuwonetsanso mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a silicones ngati zinthu zogwira ntchito kwambiri.
Ubwino Wantchito
Poyerekeza ndi mankhwala wamba wa carbon chain, organosiloxane (Polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) ili ndi ubwino wina wapadera wa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonetsere bwino ntchito zambiri. Zotsatirazi ndi zina mwazabwino za organosiloxane pamagulu wamba a carbon chain:
Kukana kutentha kwakukulu: Organosiloxane ili ndi kukana kwambiri kutentha kwambiri. Mapangidwe a silicon-oksijeni zomangira zimapangitsa organosiloxanes kukhala okhazikika pa kutentha kwakukulu komanso kosavuta kuwola, zomwe zimapereka ubwino wogwiritsira ntchito malo otentha kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi izi, mankhwala ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa carbon chain amatha kuwola kapena kutaya ntchito pa kutentha kwakukulu.
Kutsika kwapamtunda: Organosiloxane imawonetsa kupsinjika pang'ono pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yonyowa bwino komanso mafuta. Katunduyu amapanga mafuta a silicone (mawonekedwe a organosiloxane) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumafuta, mankhwala osamalira khungu ndi zida zamankhwala.
Kusinthasintha ndi kusinthasintha: Mapangidwe a maselo a organosiloxane amapatsa kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso kukhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino pokonzekera mphira ndi zotanuka. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mphira wa silikoni uzichita bwino pokonzekera mphete zosindikizira, zotanuka, ndi zina.
Kusungunula kwamagetsi: Organosiloxane imawonetsa zinthu zabwino kwambiri zotchinjiriza magetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazamagetsi. Utomoni wa silicone (mawonekedwe a siloxane) nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzotengera zamagetsi kuti apereke kutchinjiriza kwamagetsi ndikuteteza zida zamagetsi.
Biocompatibility: Organosiloxane imakhala yogwirizana kwambiri ndi minyewa yachilengedwe motero imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamankhwala ndi minda yazachipatala. Mwachitsanzo, mphira silikoni nthawi zambiri ntchito kukonzekera silikoni zachipatala ziwalo yokumba, catheters zachipatala, etc.
Kukhazikika kwa Chemical: Organosiloxanes amawonetsa kukhazikika kwamankhwala komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri kwamankhwala ambiri. Izi zimathandiza kuti ntchito yake mu makampani opanga mankhwala ikulitsidwe, monga kukonzekera akasinja a mankhwala, mapaipi ndi zipangizo zosindikizira.
Ponseponse, ma organosiloxanes ali ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana kuposa mankhwala wamba a carbon chain, omwe amawathandiza kutenga gawo lofunikira m'magawo ambiri monga mafuta, kusindikiza, zamankhwala ndi zamagetsi.
Kukonzekera njira ya organosilicon monomers
Njira yolunjika: Phatikizani zida za organosilicon pochita mwachindunji silicon ndi ma organic compounds.
Njira yosalunjika: Konzani organosilicon kudzera mukusweka, polymerization ndi machitidwe ena a silicon.
Hydrolysis polymerization njira: Konzani organosilicon ndi hydrolysis polymerization wa silanol kapena silane mowa.
Njira ya gradient copolymerization: Gwirizanitsani zida za organosilicon zokhala ndi zinthu zenizeni ndi gradient copolymerization. ,
Msika wa Organosilicon
Kuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira m'magawo apamwamba kwambiri: Ndikukula mwachangu kwa mafakitale apamwamba kwambiri, kufunikira kwa organosilicon yokhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri monga kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi kutchinjiriza kwamagetsi kukukulirakulira.
Kukula kwa msika wa zida zamankhwala: Kugwiritsa ntchito silicone pakupanga zida zamankhwala kukupitilira kukula, ndikuphatikizidwa ndi biocompatibility, kumabweretsa mwayi watsopano pazida zamankhwala.
Chitukuko chokhazikika: Kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso cha chilengedwe kumalimbikitsa kafukufuku wa njira zobiriwira zokonzekera zipangizo za silikoni, monga silikoni yowonongeka, kuti akwaniritse chitukuko chokhazikika.
Kuwunika kwa magawo atsopano ogwiritsira ntchito: Magawo atsopano ogwiritsira ntchito akupitilirabe, monga zamagetsi zosinthika, zida za optoelectronic, ndi zina zambiri, kulimbikitsa luso komanso kukulitsa msika wa silikoni.
Chitukuko chamtsogolo ndi zovuta
Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha silicone yogwira ntchito:Poyankha zofuna za mafakitale osiyanasiyana, silikoni idzapereka chidwi kwambiri pakukula kwa ntchito m'tsogolomu, monga zokutira za silicone zogwira ntchito, kuphatikizapo katundu wapadera monga antibacterial ndi conductive properties.
Kafukufuku wa silicon yosungunuka:Ndikusintha kwa chidziwitso cha chilengedwe, kafukufuku wa zinthu za silicone zomwe zingawonongeke ukhala njira yofunika kwambiri pachitukuko.
Kugwiritsa ntchito silicone ya nano: Pogwiritsa ntchito nanotechnology, kafukufuku pakukonzekera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito silikoni ya nano kukulitsa ntchito yake m'magawo apamwamba kwambiri.
Kubiriwira kwa njira zokonzekera: Pokonzekera njira za silicone, chidwi chowonjezereka chidzaperekedwa kwa njira zamakono zobiriwira komanso zachilengedwe m'tsogolomu kuti muchepetse kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-15-2024