Zoyambira Zakale ndi Tanthauzo Lachikulu: Njira Ziwiri Zosiyanasiyana Zaukadaulo
Kuti timvetse kusiyana pakati pa ziwirizi, choyamba tiyenera kufufuza mbiri yawo yachitukuko, yomwe imatsimikizira malingaliro awo aukadaulo.
1. PVC Chikopa: Woyambitsa Chikopa Chopanga
Mbiri ya chikopa cha PVC idayamba m'zaka za zana la 19. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), zinthu za polima, zidapezeka koyambirira kwa 1835 ndi wasayansi waku France Henri Victor Regnault ndipo adapangidwa ndi kampani yaku Germany ya Griesheim-Elektron koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwenikweni pakutsanzira zikopa sikunayambe mpaka Nkhondo Yadziko II.
Nkhondoyi inachititsa kuti pakhale kusowa kwa zinthu, makamaka zikopa zachilengedwe. Zikopa zachilengedwe zidaperekedwa makamaka kwa asitikali, zomwe zidasiya msika wamba utachepa kwambiri. Kusiyana kwakukulu kumeneku kunapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zina. Ajeremani adayambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito PVC yokutidwa pansalu, kupanga chikopa choyamba padziko lonse lapansi. Nkhaniyi, yokhala ndi mphamvu yokana madzi, kulimba, komanso kuyeretsa kosavuta, idagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu m'malo monga katundu ndi nsapato.
Tanthauzo Lachikulu: Chikopa cha PVC ndi chinthu chofanana ndi chikopa chopangidwa ndi kupaka kapena kusungitsa nsanjika wa utomoni wofanana ndi phala wa utomoni wa polyvinyl chloride, plasticizers, stabilizers, and pigments on the fabric substrate (monga nsalu zolukidwa, zoluka, ndi zosalukidwa). Zinthuzo zimadutsa njira monga gelation, thovu, embossing, ndi mankhwala pamwamba. Pakatikati mwa njirayi ndikugwiritsa ntchito utomoni wa polyvinyl chloride.
2. PU Chikopa: Watsopano Wapafupi ndi Chikopa Chenicheni
Chikopa cha PU chinatulukira pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri pambuyo pa PVC. Polyurethane (PU) chemistry idapangidwa ndi wasayansi waku Germany Otto Bayer ndi anzawo mu 1937 ndipo idakula mwachangu nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha. Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wamankhwala m'zaka za m'ma 1950 ndi 1960 kudapangitsa kuti chikopa chopangidwa ndi polyurethane chipangidwe.
Tekinoloje yachikopa ya PU idapita patsogolo mwachangu ku Japan ndi South Korea m'ma 1970. Makamaka, makampani a ku Japan apanga nsalu za microfiber (zofupikitsidwa ngati "microfiber leather") ndi microstructure yomwe imafanana kwambiri ndi chikopa chenicheni. Kuphatikiza izi ndi polyurethane impregnation ndi njira zokutira, apanga "microfiber PU chikopa," yomwe magwiridwe ake amafanana kwambiri ndi chikopa chenicheni ndipo amachiposa pazinthu zina. Izi zimaganiziridwa kuti ndikusintha kwaukadaulo wopangira zikopa.
Tanthauzo Lalikulu: Chikopa cha PU ndi chikopa chofanana ndi chikopa chopangidwa kuchokera kunsalu (yokhazikika kapena microfiber), yokutidwa kapena kulowetsedwa ndi utomoni wa polyurethane, wotsatiridwa ndi kuyanika, kulimbitsa, ndi mankhwala pamwamba. Pakatikati mwa njirayi ndikugwiritsa ntchito utomoni wa polyurethane. Utoto wa PU ndi wopangidwa ndi thermoplastic, womwe umalola kusinthika kosinthika komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba azinthu.
Mwachidule: M'mbiri, chikopa cha PVC chidayamba ngati "chothandizira mwadzidzidzi panthawi yankhondo," kuthetsa vuto la kupezeka. Komano, chikopa cha PU ndichopangidwa ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, kulinga kuthana ndi vuto laubwino ndikuyang'ana chikopa chenicheni. Maziko akalewa akhudza kwambiri njira zachitukuko ndi mawonekedwe azinthu zonse ziwiri.
II. Core Chemical Composition and Production process: Muzu wa Kusiyana
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa awiriwa kuli m'makina awo a utomoni, omwe, monga "ma genetic code," amatsimikizira zonse zomwe zimatsatira.
1. Kuyerekeza kwa Chemical Composition
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride):
Chigawo chachikulu: ufa wa polyvinyl chloride resin. Iyi ndi polar, amorphous polima yomwe mwachibadwa imakhala yolimba kwambiri komanso yolimba.
Zowonjezera Zowonjezera:
Plasticizer: Uwu ndiye "moyo" wa chikopa cha PVC. Kuti ikhale yosinthika komanso yosinthika, mapulasitiki ambiri (nthawi zambiri 30% mpaka 60% polemera) ayenera kuwonjezeredwa. Plasticizers ndi mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono omwe amaikidwa pakati pa PVC macromolecule unyolo, kufooketsa mphamvu intermolecular potero kuwonjezera kusinthasintha zinthu ndi plasticity. Mapulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri amaphatikizapo phthalates (monga DOP ndi DBP) ndi mapulasitiki okonda zachilengedwe (monga DOTP ndi citrate esters).
Heat Stabilizer: PVC imakhala yosakhazikika komanso imawola mosavuta ikatenthedwa, imatulutsa hydrogen chloride (HCl), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zachikasu ndikuwonongeka. Ma stabilizers monga mchere wamchere ndi calcium zinc ndizofunikira kuti aletse kuwonongeka. Zina: Zimaphatikizanso mafuta, zodzaza, zopaka utoto, ndi zina.
PU (Polyurethane):
Chigawo chachikulu: Polyurethane utomoni. Amapangidwa ndi ma polymerization reaction a polyisocyanates (monga MDI, TDI) ndi ma polyols (polyester polyols kapena polyether polyols). Pokonza chilinganizo cha zopangira ndi chiŵerengero, katundu wa chinthu chomaliza, monga kuuma, kusungunuka, ndi kukana kuvala, akhoza kuyendetsedwa bwino.
Zofunika Kwambiri: Utoto wa PU ukhoza kukhala wofewa komanso wotanuka, womwe sufuna kuwonjezera kapena kuwonjezera pang'ono mapulasitiki. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chikopa cha PU chikhale chosavuta komanso chokhazikika.
Direct Impact of Chemical Differences: Kudalira kwambiri kwa PVC pa opangira mapulasitiki ndiye gwero la zolephera zake zambiri (monga kulimba mtima, kufooka, komanso nkhawa za chilengedwe). PU, kumbali ina, "inapangidwa" mwachindunji kuti ipereke zomwe mukufuna kudzera mu kaphatikizidwe ka mankhwala, kuthetsa kufunikira kwa zowonjezera zowonjezera mamolekyu. Chifukwa chake, machitidwe ake ndi apamwamba komanso okhazikika.
2. Kuyerekeza kwa Njira Yopangira
Njira yopanga ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti ikwaniritse ntchito zake. Ngakhale kuti njira ziwirizi ndi zofanana, mfundo zazikuluzikulu zimasiyana. Njira yopanga zikopa za PVC (pogwiritsa ntchito zokutira monga chitsanzo):
Zosakaniza: PVC ufa, plasticizer, stabilizer, pigment, etc. amasakanizidwa mu chosakaniza chothamanga kwambiri kuti apange phala lofanana.
Kupaka: Phala la PVC limagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana pansalu yapansi pogwiritsa ntchito spatula.
Gelation / Plasticization: Zinthu zokutira zimalowa mu uvuni wotentha kwambiri (nthawi zambiri 170-200 ° C). Pansi kutentha kwambiri, ndi PVC utomoni particles kuyamwa plasticizer ndi kusungunuka, kupanga mosalekeza, yunifolomu wosanjikiza filimu wosanjikiza kuti mwamphamvu zomangira nsalu m'munsi. Njirayi imatchedwa "gelation" kapena "plasticization."
Kuchiza Pamwamba: Pambuyo pozizira, zinthuzo zimadutsa pa chodzigudubuza kuti chipereke mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zikopa (monga tirigu wa lychee ndi chimanga cha nkhosa). Pomaliza, kumalizidwa kwapamwamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga chopopera pa PU lacquer (ie, PVC/PU chikopa chophatikizika) kuti chithandizire kuti musamve komanso kuvala, kapena kusindikiza ndi utoto. Njira yopanga zikopa za PU (pogwiritsa ntchito njira zonyowa komanso zowuma monga zitsanzo):
Njira yopangira zikopa za PU ndizovuta komanso zovuta kwambiri, ndipo pali njira zazikulu ziwiri:
Dry-process PU chikopa:
Utoto wa polyurethane umasungunuka mu zosungunulira monga DMF (dimethylformamide) kupanga slurry.
Kenaka slurry imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zotulutsa (pepala lapadera lokhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba).
Kutentha kumatulutsa zosungunulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti polyurethane ikhale yolimba kukhala filimu, kupanga chitsanzo pazitsulo zotulutsa.
Mbali inayo imapangidwa ndi laminated ku nsalu yoyambira. Pambuyo pokalamba, chingwe chotulutsa chimachotsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikopa cha PU chikhale chosavuta.
Chikopa cha PU chonyowa (chofunikira):
Polyurethane resin slurry imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pansalu yapansi.
Nsaluyo imamizidwa m'madzi (DMF ndi madzi ndi miscible). Madziwo amakhala ngati coagulant, amatulutsa DMF kuchokera ku slurry, kuchititsa kuti utomoni wa polyurethane ukhale wolimba komanso wothamanga. Pochita izi, polyurethane imapanga mawonekedwe a porous microsphere odzazidwa ndi mpweya, opatsa chikopa chonyowa chonyowa komanso kupuma bwino, komanso kumva kofewa komanso kokwanira, kofanana modabwitsa ndi chikopa chenicheni.
Chotsatira chonyowa chopangidwa ndi chikopa chomwe chimatha pang'onopang'ono chimakhala chowuma kuti chichiritsidwe bwino.
Kusintha Kwachindunji kwa Kusiyana kwa Njira: Chikopa cha PVC chimangopangidwa ndi kusungunula kwakuthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zowuma. Chikopa cha PU, makamaka kudzera munjira yoyalidwa ndi madzi, chimapanga porous, cholumikizana siponji. Uwu ndiye mwayi waukulu waukadaulo womwe umapangitsa chikopa cha PU kukhala chopambana kwambiri kuposa PVC potengera kupuma komanso kumva.
III. Kuyerekeza Kwamagwiridwe Okwanira: Dziwani bwino lomwe lomwe lili bwino
Chifukwa chamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafakitale ndi njira zopangira, zikopa za PVC ndi PU zimawonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pamawonekedwe awo.
- Kumverera ndi kufewa:
- Chikopa cha PU: Chofewa komanso chotanuka, chimagwirizana bwino ndi mapindikidwe amthupi, ndikupangitsa kuti chimveke ngati chikopa chenicheni.
- Chikopa cha PVC: Cholimba komanso chopanda mphamvu, chimapindika mosavuta chikapindika, ndikuchipangitsa kuti chimveke ngati pulasitiki. - Kupuma ndi Chinyezi Permeability:
- PU Chikopa: Imapereka mpweya wabwino kwambiri komanso kutsekemera kwachinyontho, kupangitsa khungu kukhala louma pakavala ndikugwiritsa ntchito, kumachepetsa kupsinjika.
- PVC Chikopa: Imapereka mpweya wochepa komanso kutsekemera kwa chinyezi, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa thukuta, chinyezi, komanso kusapeza bwino mukamagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kapena kuvala.
- Abrasion ndi kupindika kukaniza:
- PU Chikopa: Imapereka ma abrasion abwino kwambiri komanso kukana kupindika, kupirira pamlingo wina wa kukangana ndi kupindika, ndipo sivuta kuvala kapena kusweka.
- PVC Chikopa: Imakhala ndi ma abrasions osakwanira komanso kukana kupindika, ndipo imakonda kuvala ndikusweka ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka m'malo omwe amapindika pafupipafupi komanso kukangana.
- Kukana kwa Hydrolysis:
- PU Chikopa: Imapereka kukana koyipa kwa hydrolysis, makamaka chikopa cha polyester-based PU, chomwe chimakonda hydrolysis m'malo achinyezi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu.
- PVC Chikopa: Imapereka kukana kwabwino kwa hydrolysis, imasinthasintha kwambiri ndi malo achinyezi, ndipo sikuwonongeka mosavuta ndi hydrolysis. - Kukanika kwa Kutentha:
- PU Chikopa: Imakonda kumamatira kutentha kwambiri komanso kuuma pakatentha kwambiri. Imakhudzidwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndipo imakhala ndi kutentha kocheperako.
- PVC Chikopa: Imakhala ndi kutentha kwabwinoko ndipo imasunga magwiridwe antchito mokhazikika pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutentha, komanso imakhala ndi chiwopsezo cha brittleness pakutentha kotsika.
- Ntchito Zachilengedwe:
- PU Chikopa: Ndiwowonongeka kwambiri kuposa chikopa cha PVC. Zogulitsa zina zitha kukhala ndi zotsalira zazing'ono zosungunulira, monga DMF, panthawi yopanga, koma chilengedwe chonse chimakhala chabwino.
- PVC Chikopa: Sichikonda zachilengedwe, chokhala ndi chlorine. Zogulitsa zina zitha kukhala ndi zinthu zovulaza monga zitsulo zolemera. Pakupanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito, imatha kutulutsa mpweya woipa, womwe ungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zina pa chilengedwe komanso thanzi la anthu.
Maonekedwe ndi Mtundu
- PU Chikopa: Imabwera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana yowoneka bwino, yokhazikika yamtundu wabwino komanso siyosavuta kuzimiririka. Maonekedwe ake apamwamba komanso mawonekedwe ake ndi osiyanasiyana, ndipo amatha kutsanzira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zikopa, monga zikopa za ng'ombe ndi zikopa za nkhosa, ndipo amathanso kupangidwa ndi mapangidwe apadera ndi mapangidwe kuti akwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana. - Chikopa cha PVC: Imapezekanso mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma yotsika pang'ono ku chikopa cha PU potengera kumveka kwamtundu komanso kukhazikika. Maonekedwe ake apamwamba ndi osavuta, nthawi zambiri amakhala osalala kapena osavuta kujambula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukwaniritsa mawonekedwe a chikopa cha PU.
Utali wamoyo
- Chikopa cha PU: Moyo wake nthawi zambiri umakhala zaka 2-5, kutengera chilengedwe komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito. Pogwiritsa ntchito komanso kukonza bwino, zinthu zachikopa za PU zimasunga mawonekedwe awo abwino komanso magwiridwe antchito.
- Chikopa cha PVC: Kutalika kwake kumakhala kochepa, nthawi zambiri zaka 2-3. Chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwake, imakonda kukalamba komanso kuwonongeka ndikugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi kapena malo ovuta.
Mtengo ndi Mtengo
- PU Chikopa: Mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba kuposa PVC chikopa, pafupifupi 30% -50% apamwamba. Mtengo wake umasiyanasiyana kutengera zinthu monga njira yopangira, mtundu wazinthu zopangira, komanso mtundu. Nthawi zambiri, zikopa zapakatikati mpaka zapamwamba za PU ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri.
- Chikopa cha PVC: Mtengo wake ndi wochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwa zikopa zotsika mtengo kwambiri pamsika. Ubwino wake wamtengo umapangitsa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zotsika mtengo.
Chidule cha Kachitidwe:
Ubwino wa PVC wachikopa umaphatikizapo kukana kwakukulu, kuuma kwakukulu, mtengo wotsika kwambiri, komanso njira yosavuta yopangira. Ndi bwino "zinchito zinthu".
Ubwino wa chikopa cha PU umaphatikizapo kumva kofewa, kupuma, kutulutsa chinyezi, kuzizira komanso kukalamba, mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri, komanso kusamala zachilengedwe. Ndi "chidziwitso" chabwino kwambiri, chokhazikika pakutsanzira ndi kupitilira mphamvu zachikopa chenicheni.
IV. Mmene Mungagwiritsire Ntchito: Kusiyanitsa ndi Magwiridwe
Kutengera ndi magwiridwe antchito omwe ali pamwambapa, awiriwa mwachibadwa amakhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana komanso magawo antchito pamsika wogwiritsa ntchito. Ntchito zazikulu za PVC Chikopa:
Katundu ndi Zikwama Zam'manja: Makamaka zikwama zolimba ndi zikwama zomwe zimafuna mawonekedwe okhazikika, komanso zikwama zoyendayenda ndi zikwama zomwe zimafuna kukana kuvala.
Zida za Nsapato: Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'madera osalumikizana monga ma soles, zitsulo zapamwamba, ndi zomangira, komanso nsapato za mvula zotsika ndi nsapato zogwirira ntchito.
Mipando ndi Kukongoletsa: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo osalumikizana nawo monga kumbuyo, m'mbali, ndi pansi pa sofa ndi mipando, komanso m'mipando yapagulu (mabasi ndi metro), komwe kukana kwake kuvala kokwera kwambiri komanso kutsika mtengo kumakhala kwamtengo wapatali. Zophimba pakhoma, zophimba pansi, ndi zina zotero. Zamkati mwa Magalimoto: Pang'onopang'ono zimasinthidwa ndi PU, zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito m'mafanizo ena otsika kapena m'madera osafunika kwenikweni monga mapanelo a zitseko ndi matumba a thunthu.
Industrial Products: Tool matumba, zotchinga zoteteza, zida chimakwirira, etc.
Ntchito zazikulu za PU Chikopa:
Zida za Nsapato: Mtheradi waukulu msika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa sneakers, nsapato wamba, ndi nsapato zachikopa chifukwa zimapereka mpweya wabwino, wofewa, ndi maonekedwe okongola.
Zovala ndi Mafashoni: Zovala zachikopa, mathalauza achikopa, masiketi achikopa, magolovesi, ndi zina zotero. Zovala zake zabwino kwambiri komanso zotonthoza zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokondedwa kwambiri pamakampani opanga zovala.
Mipando ndi Zipatso Zapakhomo: Sofa zachikopa zapamwamba, mipando yodyeramo, matebulo a m’mphepete mwa bedi, ndi malo ena amene amakhudza thupi. Chikopa cha Microfiber PU chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamipando yamagalimoto apamwamba, mawilo owongolera, ndi ma dashboards, kupereka chidziwitso chachikopa chenicheni.
Katundu ndi Zida: Zikwama zam'manja zapamwamba, ma wallet, malamba, ndi zina zambiri.
Electronic Product Packaging: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matumba a laputopu, makutu am'mutu, magalasi, ndi zina zambiri, chitetezo chofananira ndi kukongola.
Maonekedwe a Msika:
Chikopa cha PVC chimakhala chokhazikika pamsika wotsika komanso m'mafakitale omwe amafunikira kukana kwambiri kuvala. Chiŵerengero chake cha mtengo-ntchito sichingafanane.
Komano, chikopa cha PU chimayang'anira msika wapakatikati mpaka wapamwamba kwambiri ndipo chikupitilizabe kutsutsa msika wapamwamba womwe unkalamulidwa ndi zikopa zenizeni. Ndi chisankho chodziwika bwino pakukweza kwa ogula komanso m'malo mwachikopa chenicheni.
V. Mitengo ndi Zochitika Pamisika
Mtengo:
Mtengo wopangira chikopa cha PVC ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa chikopa cha PU. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha mitengo yotsika ya zinthu zopangira monga PVC resin ndi plasticizers, komanso kutsika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi njira yosavuta yopangira. Zotsatira zake, mtengo wa chikopa cha PVC chotsirizidwa nthawi zambiri chimakhala theka kapena gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chikopa cha PU.
Zochitika Pamisika:
Chikopa cha PU chikukulirakulirabe, pomwe chikopa cha PVC chikutsika pang'onopang'ono: Padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka m'maiko otukuka, zikopa za PU zikuwononga pang'onopang'ono msika wa PVC wachikopa chifukwa cha malamulo okhwima a chilengedwe (monga EU REACH regulation yoletsa ma phthalates) ndikuwonjezera zomwe ogula amafuna pazabwino komanso chitonthozo. Kukula kwa zikopa za PVC kumayang'ana kwambiri mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene komanso m'magawo otsika mtengo kwambiri. Chitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi chitukuko chokhazikika chakhala maziko oyendetsa:
Bio-based PU, PU yochokera m'madzi (yopanda zosungunulira), PVC yopanda pulasitiki, ndi mapulasitiki ochezeka zachilengedwe akhala malo ofufuza ndi chitukuko. Eni ma brand akuyikanso patsogolo kukonzanso kwa zinthu.
Chikopa cha Microfiber PU (chikopa cha microfiber) ndiye mtsogolo:
Chikopa cha Microfiber chimagwiritsa ntchito nsalu yoyambira ya microfiber yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi ulusi wa collagen wachikopa chenicheni, yopereka magwiridwe antchito omwe amayandikira kapena kuposa chikopa chenicheni. Amadziwika kuti "m'badwo wachitatu wa zikopa zopangira." Imayimira pachimake chaukadaulo wachikopa wopangira ndipo ndi njira yayikulu yopititsira patsogolo msika wamapeto. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba zamagalimoto apamwamba, nsapato zamasewera, zinthu zapamwamba, ndi zina.
Ntchito Yatsopano:
Onse a PVC ndi PU akupanga zinthu zogwira ntchito monga antibacterial, mildew-proof, retardant flame, UV-resistant, and hydrolysis-resistant kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za ntchito zinazake.
VI. Momwe mungasiyanitsire PVC Chikopa kuchokera ku PU Chikopa
Kwa ogula ndi ogula, kudziwa njira zosavuta zozindikiritsira ndizothandiza kwambiri.
Njira Yoyatsira (Yolondola Kwambiri):
Chikopa cha PVC: Chovuta kuyatsa, chimazimitsa nthawi yomweyo chikachotsedwa pamoto. Pansi pa lawilo ndi lobiriwira ndipo ndi fungo lamphamvu la hydrochloric acid (monga pulasitiki yoyaka). Imaumitsa ndi kukuda ikapsa.
Chikopa cha PU: Choyaka, chokhala ndi lawi lachikasu. Lili ndi fungo lofanana ndi ubweya kapena pepala loyaka (chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ester ndi magulu amino). Imafewetsa ndipo imakhala yomamatira ikayaka.
Zindikirani: Njira iyi ikhoza kuwoneka
Chikopa cha PVC ndi chikopa cha PU sizinthu "zabwino" motsutsana ndi "zoyipa." M'malo mwake, ndizinthu ziwiri zopangidwa kutengera zosowa zanthawi zosiyanasiyana komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, chilichonse chili ndi malingaliro ake komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.
Chikopa cha PVC chimayimira malire pakati pa mtengo ndi kulimba. Imakhalabe yolimba m'mapulogalamu omwe chitonthozo ndi ntchito ya chilengedwe ndizosafunikira kwenikweni, koma kumene kukana kuvala, kukana madzi, ndi mtengo wotsika ndizofunika kwambiri. Tsogolo lake lagona pakuthana ndi ngozi zomwe zakhala zikuchitika komanso thanzi lawo kudzera mwa mapulasitiki ochezeka ndi chilengedwe komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, potero asunge malo ake ngati zinthu zogwirira ntchito.
Chikopa cha PU ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri pakutonthoza komanso kuteteza chilengedwe. Zimayimira chitukuko chachikulu cha zikopa zopangira. Kupyolera mu luso lamakono lamakono, laposa PVC ponena za kumva, kupuma, thupi, ndi momwe chilengedwe chimagwirira ntchito, kukhala njira yofunikira yachikopa chenicheni komanso kupititsa patsogolo khalidwe la ogula. Chikopa cha Microfiber PU, makamaka, chikusokoneza mizere pakati pa chikopa chopangidwa ndi chenicheni, ndikutsegula mapulogalamu atsopano apamwamba.
Posankha chinthu, ogula ndi opanga sayenera kungoyerekeza mtengo koma aziweruza mozama potengera kutha kwa chinthucho, malamulo oyendetsera msika womwe akufuna, kudzipereka kwamtundu wa chilengedwe, komanso chidziwitso cha ogwiritsa ntchito. Pokhapokha pomvetsetsa kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu kumene tingathe kupanga chisankho chanzeru ndi choyenera kwambiri. M'tsogolomu, pamene zipangizo zamakono zikupita patsogolo, tikhoza kuona "zikopa zopangira" za "m'badwo wachinayi ndi wachisanu" zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chilengedwe. Komabe, mpikisano wopitilira theka lazaka komanso kuphana kwa PVC ndi PU ukhalabe mutu wosangalatsa m'mbiri ya chitukuko cha zida.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-12-2025
