Pali mitundu yambiri ya zipangizo zachikopa za mipando ya galimoto, zomwe zimagawidwa makamaka m'magulu awiri: zikopa zachilengedwe ndi zikopa zopangira. Zida zosiyanasiyana zimasiyana kwambiri pokhudzana, kulimba, kuteteza chilengedwe komanso mtengo. Zotsatirazi ndi mwatsatanetsatane magulu ndi makhalidwe:
1. Chikopa chachilengedwe (chikopa chenicheni)
Chikopa chachilengedwe chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chikopa cha nyama (makamaka chikopa cha ng'ombe) ndipo chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe komanso mpweya wabwino. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi:
Top chikopa cha ng'ombe: apamwamba kwambiri chikopa, kusunga dermis wosanjikiza wa khungu nyama, ofewa kukhudza ndi mpweya wabwino, nthawi zambiri ntchito zitsanzo apamwamba (monga Mercedes-Benz S-Maphunziro, BMW 7 Series).
Chikopa chachiwiri cha ng'ombe: chopangidwa kuchokera ku zikopa zenizeni, pamwamba pake nthawi zambiri amakutidwa kuti atsanzire mawonekedwe a pamwamba pa chikopa, osapuma bwino, koma mtengo wake ndi wotsika, ndipo mitundu ina yapakati idzagwiritsa ntchito.
Chikopa cha Nappa: osati mtundu wina wa chikopa, koma njira yowotchera yomwe imapangitsa kuti chikopacho chikhale chofewa komanso chofewa, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumitundu yapamwamba (monga Audi, BMW).
Chikopa cha Dakota (chokha cha BMW): cholimba komanso chosasunthika kuposa Nappa, choyenera pamasewera.
Chikopa cha Aniline (semi-aniline/aniline wathunthu): chikopa chenicheni chapamwamba, chosaphimbidwa, chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto apamwamba kwambiri (monga Maybach, Rolls-Royce).
2. Chikopa chopanga
Chikopa chopanga chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi mankhwala, zotsika mtengo, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamitundu yapakati ndi yotsika:
Chikopa cha PVC: chopangidwa ndi polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chosavala, chotsika mtengo, koma chopanda mpweya wabwino, chosavuta kukalamba, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mitundu yotsika.
Chikopa cha PU: chopangidwa ndi polyurethane (PU), chimamva pafupi ndi chikopa chenicheni, cholimba kuposa PVC, koma chimakonda hydrolysis ndi delamination pambuyo ntchito yaitali.
Chikopa cha Microfiber (microfiber reinforced chikopa): chopangidwa ndi polyurethane + nsalu yopanda nsalu, yosavala, yosasunthika, yotsika kutentha, yogwirizana ndi chilengedwe komanso pafupi ndi kukhudza kwachikopa chenicheni, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakati ndi zitsanzo zapamwamba (monga Alcantara suede).
-Chikopa cha silicone: chinthu chatsopano chokonda zachilengedwe, chosagwirizana ndi kutentha kwambiri, kuwala kwa UV, retardant flame (V0 grade), chokhudza pafupi ndi chikopa chenicheni, koma mtengo wapamwamba.
-POE/XPO chikopa: Chopangidwa ndi polyolefin elastomer, chopepuka komanso chogwirizana ndi chilengedwe, chingalowe m'malo mwa chikopa cha PVC/PU mtsogolo.
3. Chikopa chapadera (chapamwamba kwambiri/chokhachokha)
Alcantara: Osati zikopa zenizeni, koma polyester + polyurethane synthetic material, zosasunthika komanso zosavala, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto amasewera (monga Porsche, Lamborghini).
Chikopa cha Artico (Mercedes-Benz): chikopa chopanga chapamwamba kwambiri, chokhala ndi kukhudza pafupi ndi chikopa chenicheni, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zitsanzo zotsika.
Chikopa cha Designo (Mercedes-Benz): chikopa chapamwamba kwambiri, chopangidwa ndi chikopa cha ng'ombe chapamwamba, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto apamwamba monga S-Class.
Chikopa cha Valonea (Audi): masamba otenthedwa, okonda zachilengedwe komanso opumira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yayikulu monga A8.
4. Kodi mungasiyanitse bwanji chikopa chenicheni ndi chikopa chochita kupanga?
Kukhudza: Chikopa chenicheni ndi chofewa komanso cholimba, pomwe chikopa chopanga chimakhala chosalala kapena cholimba.
Fungo: Chikopa chenicheni chimakhala ndi fungo lachilengedwe, pomwe chikopa chopanga chimakhala ndi fungo la pulasitiki.
Kapangidwe: Chikopa chenicheni chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika, pomwe chikopa chopanga chimakhala chokhazikika.
Mayeso oyaka (osavomerezeka): Chikopa chenicheni chimakhala ndi fungo latsitsi chikapsa, pomwe chikopa chochita kupanga chimakhala ndi fungo lapulasitiki chikasungunuka.
Chidule
Magalimoto apamwamba: Nappa, zikopa za aniline, Alcantara, ndi zina zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Magalimoto apakati: Chikopa cha Microfiber, chikopa cha ng'ombe, chikopa cha PU ndizofala kwambiri.
Magalimoto otsika: PVC kapena chikopa wamba PU ndiye chinthu chachikulu.
Zida zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera pazosowa zosiyanasiyana, ndipo ogula amatha kusankha malinga ndi bajeti ndi chitonthozo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-28-2025
